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Full Title
RIVISTA GEOGRAFICA ITALIANA
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Publisher
FrancoAngeli
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ISSN
0035-6697 (Printed Journal)
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Journal Issue Number
1
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Journal Issue Designation
1
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Journal Issue Date(YYYY/MM)
2019/03
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Full Title
Caratteristiche, evoluzione e rilevanza geo-economica degli aiuti giapponesi in Cina (1979-2008). Quadro generale e analisi dei casi di Dalian e Shanghai
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By (author)
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First Page
21
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Last Page
49
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Language of text
Italian
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Publication Date
2019/03
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Copyright
2019FrancoAngeli srl
Introduction or preface
L'articolo considera le caratteristiche principali e l'evoluzione dei programmi giapponesi di aiuti alla Cina nel periodo 1979-2008. Questi programmi, diversamente da quelli di altri Paesi donatori, hanno per diversi anni seguito una logica essenzialmente economica, volta alla realizzazione di piattaforme di esportazione e alla creazione di un ambiente di investimento attrattivo. I programmi di assistenza hanno svolto una evidente funzione abilitante per gli investimenti diretti esteri giapponesi. Programmi di assistenza e investimenti diretti hanno realizzato esiti win-win, con benefici sia per il sistema produttivo, distributivo e logistico giapponese, sia per la Cina, grazie al loro contributo ai processi di sviluppo e crescita economica. Con l'entrata della Cina nell'Organizza¬zione Mondiale del Commercio nel 2001 natura e logiche sia dei programmi di aiuto sia degli investimenti giapponesi sono cambiati: i programmi si sono riorientati verso le infrastrutture sociali, mentre gli investimenti si sono rivolti in misura crescente all'entrata nel mercato interno cinese. I casi dei porti di Dalian e Shanghai confermano questi ele-menti. Nel decennio Ottanta e Novanta gli aiuti hanno favorito lo sviluppo delle infrastrutture portuali e di trasporto, mentre gli investimenti hanno contribuito ai processi di sviluppo e integrazione regionale, grazie alla realizzazione di piattaforme produttive e orientate all'esportazione. A partire dagli anni Duemila, gli aiuti si sono indirizzati alle infrastrutture sociali (principalmente ambiente e risorse umane), mentre gli investimenti si sono progressivamente orientati al mercato interno. Nel 2008 i programmi di assistenza giapponese sono stati profondamente ridimensionati, come conseguenza della crescita economica della Cina. In ogni caso, aiuti ed investimenti giapponesi hanno svolto un ruolo chiave nel favorire processi di integrazione economica regionale; inoltre, essi hanno mitigato le tensioni politiche e diplomatiche che hanno caratterizzato nei decenni scorsi le relazioni tra i due Governi.
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